This policy applies to the use of artificial intelligence tools and AI-assisted technologies in activities including, but not limited to:

◊ writing, rewriting, paraphrasing, or structuring text;

◊ grammar and language correction;

◊ translation;

◊ literature identification or organisation;

◊ reference formatting or technical verification;

◊ computer code generation or verification;

◊ data processing or analysis;

◊ preparation or modification of tables, graphs, figures, and images;

◊ manuscript evaluation, peer review, and editorial decision-making.

 

Authors may use artificial intelligence tools or AI-assisted technologies, provided that their use is appropriate, transparent, and fully disclosed. Artificial intelligence tools must not be listed as authors or co-authors. Such tools cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy, originality, integrity, or ethical compliance of a manuscript. Human authors remain fully responsible for all submitted content, including any text, analyses, images, code, references, or other materials generated or modified with the assistance of artificial intelligence. Authors must carefully review, verify, and, where necessary, correct all AI-assisted content before submission. Artificial intelligence outputs may be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading, biased, or fabricated. The use of artificial intelligence does not ◊ reduce or replace the authors’ responsibility for:

◊ the originality and accuracy of the manuscript;

◊ the validity of the research methods, data, analyses, results, and conclusions;

◊ the existence, authenticity, accuracy, and relevance of all references;

◊ compliance with copyright and licensing requirements;

◊ compliance with publication ethics and academic integrity;

◊ ensuring that the manuscript does not contain plagiarism, fabricated information, or misleading content.

AI-generated content must not be cited as a primary source of scientific evidence.

 

Authors must disclose the use of artificial intelligence tools or AI-assisted technologies at the time of submission. The disclosure must include, where applicable:

◊ the name of the tool;

◊ the provider or developer;

◊ the model and version, if known;

◊ the date or period of use;

◊ the purpose and specific manner of use;

◊ the sections of the manuscript in which the tool was used;

◊ relevant methodological details necessary to understand or evaluate the use of the tool.

The use of artificial intelligence should also be described in the manuscript where relevant. Depending on the nature of the use, this information may be included in the Methods, Acknowledgements, or another appropriate section. Authors must complete, sign, and submit the Declaration on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools together with the final manuscript.

 

Artificial intelligence tools may be used for purposes such as:

◊ grammar and language correction;

◊ translation;

◊ paraphrasing or linguistic improvement;

◊ text structuring or organisation;

◊ computer code generation or verification;

◊ data analysis;

◊ preparation or processing of tables, graphs, figures, or images;

◊ identification or organisation of scientific literature;

◊ formatting or technical verification of references.

All such uses must be verified by the authors and disclosed in accordance with this policy. Minor automated functions that do not generate or substantially alter intellectual content, such as conventional spelling correction, reference-style formatting, or basic document-processing tools, do not normally require detailed disclosure. However, authors remain responsible for the accuracy of the resulting content.

 

JARDS does not permit the use of artificial intelligence tools to:

◊ generate, fabricate, falsify, or manipulate research data or results;

◊ invent references, quotations, sources, or supporting evidence;

◊ conceal plagiarism, duplicate publication, or inappropriate text reuse;

◊ produce misleading scientific interpretations;

◊ replace the authors’ intellectual contribution, critical analysis, or scientific judgement;

◊ generate peer-review reports without appropriate authorisation and disclosure;

◊ alter figures or images in a deceptive or scientifically misleading manner;

◊ create content that infringes copyright, privacy, confidentiality, or other third-party rights;

◊ avoid accountability for the content of the manuscript.

The undisclosed or inappropriate use of artificial intelligence may be treated as a breach of publication ethics.

 

Authors must personally verify every reference included in the manuscript. This verification must include:

◊ confirming that the cited source exists;

◊ checking that the bibliographic information is accurate;

◊ ensuring that the source supports the statement for which it is cited;

◊ verifying quotations and page references;

removing fabricated, irrelevant, or unverifiable references.

Authors remain responsible for all references suggested, formatted, or generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence.

The use of artificial intelligence to generate or modify images, figures, tables, graphs, maps, or other visual materials must be disclosed. Authors must ensure that:

◊ the material is scientifically accurate;

◊ any modifications do not misrepresent the original data;

◊ copyright and licensing requirements are respected;

◊ third-party rights are not infringed;

◊ the origin and method of generation or modification are clearly described where relevant.

JARDS may request original files, source data, prompts, processing details, or other supporting materials necessary to evaluate the authenticity and integrity of visual content.

 

Authors must not enter confidential information, personal data, sensitive data, unpublished manuscripts, unpublished third-party results, copyrighted materials, or other protected content into artificial intelligence systems without an appropriate legal basis, valid authorisation, and adequate safeguards for confidentiality and data protection. Authors are responsible for understanding the terms of use, privacy conditions, and data-retention practices of any artificial intelligence tool they use.

 

Submitted manuscripts, figures, tables, supplementary files, and editorial correspondence are confidential materials. Reviewers must not upload submitted materials into artificial intelligence systems when confidentiality, privacy, intellectual property protection, or data security cannot be assured. Reviewers who use artificial intelligence tools in any part of the review process must disclose this use to the journal and remain fully responsible for the accuracy, relevance, fairness, and validity of the review. AI-generated output may be inaccurate, incomplete, or biased and must not replace the reviewer’s independent expert assessment. Artificial intelligence tools must not make recommendations regarding acceptance, revision, or rejection of a manuscript. Reviewers must not use artificial intelligence to:

◊ disclose or analyse confidential manuscript content without authorisation;

◊ appropriate authors’ ideas or unpublished findings;

◊ generate an evaluation that they have not personally verified;

◊ replace their own scientific and professional judgement.

 

Editors and editorial staff must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and the privacy of authors and reviewers. Submitted manuscripts and associated materials must not be uploaded into artificial intelligence systems where confidentiality cannot be assured, unless the authors have provided explicit permission and appropriate safeguards are in place. Artificial intelligence may support limited administrative, technical, or screening activities, but it must not replace editorial judgement. Final editorial decisions remain the sole responsibility of qualified human editors.

Editors must evaluate manuscripts fairly and independently and must not rely exclusively on AI-generated assessments, summaries, recommendations, or detection scores.

 

JARDS may use screening tools as part of its editorial assessment. However, the output of artificial intelligence detection tools will not be treated as conclusive evidence of misconduct. Detection results must be interpreted cautiously and considered together with the manuscript, author explanations, supporting materials, and other relevant evidence. Authors may be asked to provide clarifications, original files, data, drafts, prompts, methodological details, or other documentation when concerns arise.

 

Failure to disclose the use of artificial intelligence, incomplete disclosure, or the provision of inaccurate or misleading information may result in editorial action. Depending on the seriousness of the issue and the stage of publication, measures may include:

◊ a request for clarification or additional documentation;

◊ a requirement to revise the disclosure statement;

◊ suspension of the review or publication process;

◊ rejection of the manuscript;

◊ notification of the authors’ institution, where appropriate;

◊ publication of a correction, expression of concern, or retraction;

◊ other measures consistent with the journal’s ethical and editorial policies.

Authors remain responsible for the content of their work even when artificial intelligence tools have been used.

 

Because artificial intelligence technologies and publishing standards continue to develop, JARDS may revise this policy when necessary. The version published on the journal’s website at the time of manuscript submission will apply to that submission.

 

Declaration on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Authors must complete, sign, and submit this declaration together with the final manuscript.